Alkenyl succinimides of tetraethylene pentamine



Patented Aug. 24, 1965 United States Patent "l 3,202,678

. These N-substituted alkenyl succinimides can be pre- A NY ci lgg fig s 0 TRA pared by reacting maleic anhydride with an olefinic hydro- ETHYLENE PENTAMINE carbon, followed by reacting the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride with tetraethylene pentamine. The R radical 22;; ii i f bg ggi g gg g gj figf 222353; 5 of the above formula, that is, the alkenyl radical, is

to California Research Corporation, San Francisco, derived from an olefin contarn1ng from 2 to 5 carbon m a corporation ofnelawam atoms. Thus, the alkenyl radical is obtained by polym- No Drawing. Filed Aug. 24, 1959, Ser. No. 835,411 erizing an olefin containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms 3 Claims. (Cl. 260-3265) to form a hydrocarbon having a molecular weight ranging from about 400 to about 3000'. Such olefins are exempli- This invention pertains to a new class of compounds fied by ethylene, propylene, l-butene, 2-butene, isobutene, particularly useful as lubricating oil addition agents. d i t th f, Si th th d f l i These new Compounds are -P y Substitutfid ing the olefins to form polymers thereof is immaterial in kenyl succinimides. the formation of the new compound described herein, Alkenyl succinic anhydrides and numerous derivatives any 0f the numerous processes available can be used thereof are well known in the art. For example, althe efo kenyl succinic anhydrides in which the alkenyl radical Th preparation ef N-snbstituted monoalkenyl succontains from 5 to carbon atoms are taug t as cinimides derived from tetraethylene pentamine can be rosion inhibitors in lubricating oil compositions. Also, de ribed generally by the following equations, using a Products Obtained y reacting 811011 alkenyl Succirlifi a 20 polymer of isobu-tene as an example of the alkenyl radical. hydrides with monoamines are taught as ferrous cornosion Inhibitors for lubricating oil compositions. y However, the above known alkenyl succinimides are CH3 CH3 not useful as detergents in lubricating oil compositions. c J 0 cH, c org- L0 0 In contrast thereto, the p-olyamine alkenyl succinimides H 3 n CH-O described herein are new compounds Wh1ch are useful as detergents in lubricating oil compositions. 0

Thus, it is a primary object of this invention to present CH3 3\ 3 I as new compounds, new alkenyl succinimides which are OH=GOH2-OHC/ particularly useful as detergents in lubricating oil com- 4 positions. 3 In accordance with this invention, it has been discovered GHFC\ l o o o o that N-substituted monoalkenyl succinimides derived from 0 on, 0H, CH3 0 (5 1 CH3- CHz-CH I CH=CCHz-CHC\ CH3 1, /0 HzNCH CHg(NHCHzCHz)s-NH GH -o CH3 CH3 CH3 0 I I CH G--OH CH CH= CH-GHC\ a/n /NCH2CH2(NHCHgCH2)3-NH2 CH O\ monoalkenyl succinic anhydrides and tetraethylene pentwherein n has a value of about 7 to about 50 amine are new compounds which are effective lubricating The above reaction between a poly-olefin and maleic il additive anhydride is an uncatalyzed addition reaction which The N-substituted monoalkenyl succinimides derived should not be confused with a copolymerization reaction from tetraethylene pentamine of this invention are parsuch as that obtained with a vinyl monomer and maleic ticularly effective as detergents in lubricating oil composianhydride. While the general reaction of an olefin and tions. By the use of oil compositions containing these maleic anhydride is well known for olefins of low molecalkenyl succinimides, diesel and gasoline engine parts reular Weight (e.g., olefins of 18 carbon atoms), no previmain remarkably free of deposits and varnish even under 0118 Work has been done with maleic anhydride and the severe operating conditions. high molecular weight olefins as described herein.

These new compounds, which are monoalkenyl suc- The reaction set forth and described hereinabove can cinimides of tetaethylene pentamine, have the formula: Proceed in 8 H101 ratio of the poly olefin to the maleic O anhydride of 1:1 to 1:10; preferably from 1:1 to 1:5. y The reaction temperature can vary from 300 F. to 450 F. Because of the greater yield of products obtained NOH CHflNHCI-I CHzM-NH: thereby, it is preferred to use the higher temperature range (e.g., 375 F. to 450 F.).

\ In the second step of the reaction as exemplied by 0 Equation II hereinabove, the yield of the imide is ex- Wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having a molecular tremely high even though the reactants are used in equal Weight from about 400 about 3000; that is, R is a molar ratios. This is surprising, since under the condihydrocarbon radical containing about 30 to about 200 tions of the reaction there is an excess of secondary amino carbon atoms. groups over primary amino groups, and any reaction with the secondary amino groups would lead to amide formation; thus preventing imide formation.

The reaction described by Equation II hereinabove can be made at 220 F. to 500 F., preferably from 300 F. to 400 F. The alkenyl succinic anhydride and the tetraethylene pentamine are reacted in about equal molar quantities.

Since the reaction between the polyolefin and maleic anhydride may not go to completion, the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride may contain some unreacted polyolefin. As it may not be desirable to separate out this unreacted polyolefin at this stage, the resulting imide formed by reaction of the alkenyl succinic anhydride and tetraethylene pentamine will contain this polyolefin as an impurity which can be a diluent in the formation of lubricating oil compositions. However, if it is so desired, this unreacted polyolefin can be removed by precipitation, for example, by acetone or methanol from a hydrocarbon solution.

The preparation of the alkenyl succinimides of tetraalkylene pentamine is illustrated in the following examples.

EXAMPLE I Preparation of polybutenyl succinic anhydride A mixture of 1000 grams (1 mol) of a polybutene having a molecular weight of about 1000 and 98 grams (1 mol) of maleic anhydride was heated at 410 F. in a nitrogen atmosphere with agitation for a period of 24 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 150 F., and 700 cc. of hexane added; after which the mixture was filtered under vacuum. After vacuum distillation to remove the hexane from the filtrate, the product was maintained at 350 F. at an absolute pressure of 10 mm. Hg for one hour to remove traces of maleic anhydride. The crude polybutenyl succinic anhydride thus prepared had a saponification number of 79.

EXAMPLE II Preparation of tetraethylenepentamine derivative of the polybutenyl succinic anhydride of Example 1 hereinabove A mixture of 84 grams (0.45 mol) of tetraethylene pentamine and 702 grams (0.45 mol) of the polybutenyl succinic anhydride of Example I hereinabove, was blended with agitation at 125 F. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The temperature was increased to 400 F. during a period of one hour, after which the absolute pressure was reduced to about 200 mm. Hg during a period of 30 minutes to facilitate the removal of water. The reaction mixture was then allowed to reach room temperature at this reduced pressure. The reaction product contained 5.1% nitrogen (theory 5.4%). Infra-red analysis showed that the reaction product was an imide containing a polybutene side chain.

The new compounds of this invention are more effective as lubricating oil additives than alkenyl succinimides having fewer nitrogen atoms in the amine portion of the molecule, and succinimides having less than about 30 carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical. The use of amylamine, for example, in place of tetraethylene pentamine of this invention results in a product which is inelfective as a detergent in lubricating oil compositions.

As lubricating oil additives, the N-substituted alkenyl succinimides derived from tretraethylene pentamine can be used in amounts of 0.1% to 80%, by weight, preferably 0.25% to 5% by weight.

Table I hereinbelow sets forth data showing the effectiveness of the new compounds of thisinvention as lubricating oil additives,

The monoalkenyl succinimide used was an N-substituted alkenyl succinimide derived from tetraethylene pentamine wherein the alkenyl radical had a molecular weight of approximately 1000, which alkenyl radical was a polymer of isobutene.

The tests were made in a Caterpillar L-1 engine according to Supplement I conditions for a period of 120 hours as described in the Coordinating Research Council Handbook, January 1946.

The PD Nos. refer to the piston discoloration rating. After the engine test, the three piston lands were examined visually. To a piston land which was completely black was assigned a PD number of 800; to one which was completely clean, a PD number of 0; to those intermediate between completely black and completely clean were assigned PD numbers intermediate in proportion to the extent and degree of darkening.

The GD. Nos. refer to the percentage deposits in the piston ring grooves; a 0 evaluation being a clean groove;

and a number of 100 being a groove full of deposits. The base oils were California SAE 30 base oils.

TABLE I Additive A B Suceinlmide, wt. percent 0.0 3. 0 Test results:

G.D. No *39 4 PD. No 800,800,800 0.0.0

wherein R is a polyolefin radical of from 30 to 200 carbon atoms and is derived from an olefin of 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

2. A compound 0 wherein n has a value of about 7 to about 50. 3. A compound, monoalkenyl succinimide of tetraethylene pentamine, of the formula:

NICHOLAS S. RIZZO, Primary Examiner.

IRVING MARCUS, WALTER A. MODANCE,

Examiners. 

